基于CPET时序聚类的中长跑耐力运动员选拔方法

心肺运动试验（CPET）能将人体的呼吸系统、心血管系统等综合为一体，不仅能够体现受试者的有氧运动能力，评估受试者的心肺耐力，而且能以整体整合医学的视角来研究受试者对运动的应激反应。为对CPET数据进行凝聚层次聚类分析，提出一种基于时间序列形态特征的算法。选取15名业余中长跑运动员的CPET数据作为聚类对象，聚类指标选取了表征有氧能力和心肺耐量的耗氧量、二氧化碳、心率、分钟通气当量、代谢当量、生理死腔与潮气量比值、呼吸商及每搏输出量等8类指标，体现运动员摄取、利用氧的效率、肺循环以及心功能等综合状况。通过聚类分析发现受试者个体差异较大，未出现明显的“群居分布”特征，根据轮廓系数评估可剔除心肺耐量较差的测试者。实验结果表明，该算法在确保聚类准确率的同时能够降低数据压缩率，且对形态特征显著的数据集进行聚类效果更佳。     

一种半监督对抗鲁棒模型无关元学习方法

元学习期望训练所得的元模型在学习到的“元知识”基础上利用来自新任务的少量标注样本，仅通过较少的梯度下降步骤微调模型就能够快速适应该任务。但是，由于缺乏训练样本，元学习算法在元训练期间对现有任务过度训练时所得的分类器决策边界不够准确，不合理的决策边界使得元模型更容易受到微小对抗扰动的影响，导致元模型在新任务上的鲁棒性能降低。提出一种半监督对抗鲁棒模型无关元学习（semi-ARMAML）方法，在目标函数中分别引入半监督的对抗鲁棒正则项和基于信息熵的任务无偏正则项，以此优化决策边界，其中对抗鲁棒正则项的计算允许未标注样本包含未见过类样本，从而使得元模型能更好地适应真实应用场景，降低对输入扰动的敏感性，提高对抗鲁棒性。实验结果表明，相比ADML、R-MAML-TRADES等当下主流的对抗元学习方法，semi-ARMAML方法在干净样本上准确率较高，在MiniImageNet数据集的5-way 1-shot与5-way 5-shot任务上对抗鲁棒性能分别约提升1.8%和2.7%，在CIFAR-FS数据集上分别约提升5.2%和8.1%。     

基于后验预测分布的机器人焊接质量监控研究北大核心

针对KUKA机器人焊接质量监测工作量大、抽样样本小的特点,提出一种基于后验预测分布的贝叶斯动态监控方法。从历史数据中选择合适的数据,计算先验分布的超参数;再结合当前样本构建服从负二项分布的后验预测分布,实时计算控制限,实现对焊接质量的动态监测。结果表明:该方法优于传统似然估计法,有更强的异常检出力和稳健性。     

Salience of public leaders’ “meaning making” in news coverage of a health crisis

Meaning making by leadership in a crisis is required to reduce uncertainty. We used analytic criteria for meaning making suggested by crisis management literature to investigate public leaders’ quotations in news coverage of a health crisis. The quotations were examined in terms of the five frame functions, which include offering a credible explanation of what happened, offering guidance, instilling hope, showing empathy, and suggesting that leaders are in control. The Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak in South Korea was examined. As a result, the most salient frame function identified was displaying they are in control of the emergency, followed by offering guidance and explaining what happened. The salience of leaders’ meaning making disappeared in coverage by a liberal newspaper.     

Evaluating autostereoscopic 3D baseball games using signal detection theory and receiver operating characteristic space

This study investigates the effects of display technique (2D, autostereoscopic 3D), ball speed (138, 140 km/h), and operation time (5, 10, 15 min) on the four outcomes of signal detection theory (SDT) (i.e., hit, miss, false alarm, correct rejection), β, d’, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) space, Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ), and the iGroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ). The results indicated that the display technique was significant on the hit rate, SSQ, and IPQ, where a higher hit rate, visual fatigue, and IPQ were found in the 3D technique. The results also showed that the ball speed was significant on the miss rate and d’, where a low miss rate and high d’ were found in the higher speed of 138 km/h. The results further demonstrated that the operation time was significant on the false alarm rate, correct rejection rate, d’, SSQ, and IPQ, with a long operation time being associated with a better performance for every variable, except the SSQ.Relevance to industryFrom the results obtained regarding the ROC space, this study found that the possibility of participants’ misjudgements was low, and the accuracy of this research is considered reliable. The results of this study could serve as a reference for N3DS and game manufacturers in designing future products.